Glucose-Induced Release of Immunoreactive Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (IR-GIP) Into the Duodenal Lumen in Man

Duodenal juice was collected before and after an intragastric infusion of 300 ml 25% glucose in five healthy subjects. After extraction with 95% ethanol, IR-GIP in duodenal juice was determined by radioimmunoassay and found to increase from a mean basal level of 63 pmol/l to a mean peak of 354 pmol/l after the glucose infusion. The elution diagrams of IR-GIP in glucose-stimulated duodenal juice and the corresponding plasma from a 16 × 400 mm Sephadex G-50 Fine column were similar, and the radioimmunoassay dilution curves of porcine GIP and duodenal juice IR-GIP were superimposable.     

Single Gastric Biopsy in Subjects with Low Acid Secretion after Maximal Histamine Stimulation

Examinations of 83 patients and 13 healthy subjects with the augmented histamine test and gastric biopsy show that a maximal acid secretion lower than 10 mEq HCl/hour signifies a diffuse gastritic lesion, the type of which can be verified by a single gastric biopsy. Detailed investigations of the nature and clinical course of gastritis, however, require repeated tests of gastric function and multiple gastric biopsies.     

pH and Concentration of Pancreatic Enzymes in Aspirates from the Human Duodenum During Digestion of a Standard Meal in Patients with Intestinal Disorders

The material comprises 25 patients with gluten-induced enteropathy and 16 patients with various intestinal disorders. The intestinal contents were aspirated in four subsequent periods of 20 minutes each after ingestion of a standard meal. The volume, pH, and the concentration of α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase were determined in the collections.

Only minor deviations from normal pH-levels were observed.

In both groups of patients, the secretion of lipase, and to a minor degree that of amylase, were more markedly reduced than the secretion of the proteolytic enzymes.

With the exception of the values of trypsin, concentrations of enzymes were seen to be below the lowest normal value in approximately one-third of the patients throughout the period of digestion.

It is concluded that the pancreatic function was genuinely reduced in several patients with enterogenous malabsorption. It may be explained as an unspecific effect of the malabsorption.     

石榴籽提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究石榴籽提取物的体外抗氧化作用。方法采用普鲁士蓝法、邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法和邻苯三酚自氧化法分别测定石榴籽提取物的总抗氧化能力、石榴籽提取物对羟自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子(.O2-)的清除作用,并与维生素C抗氧化活性相比较。结果石榴籽提取物对.OH和.O2-具有很强的清除作用,其IC50分别为0.157和0.027mg/ml,与维生素C抗氧化作用相似。结论石榴籽提取物具有较强的清除自由基能力,是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

柚子降血脂作用的研究

<正>流行病学、动物实验和临床研究均表明,高脂血症,即血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白的增高,是脂代谢紊乱的标志,也是动脉粥样硬化、心脏病和中风的主要危害因素[1]。某些药物有明显的降血脂效果,但有副作用。开发降脂药及降脂食品对防治高脂血症有重要意义。柚子营养丰富,有研究认为其有降血脂、血糖等保健功效[2,3]。本实验以柚子汁为原料,研究柚子汁的降血脂作用,为其深加工和应用提供科学依据。     

肠内营养和肠外营养对重型颅脑损伤患者胃液pH值的影响

目的探讨实施早期肠内营养和肠外营养对重型颅脑损伤患者胃液pH值的影响。方法我院2007年1月至2009年5月间收治的168例重型颅脑损伤患者（格拉斯哥昏迷评分≤8分）随机分为早期肠内营养组（EEN组,n=84）和肠外营养组（PN组,n=84）,其中EEN组患者鼻腔内插入14F硅胶胃管进行早期肠内营养,PN组患者给予全静脉营养。分别于人院即刻和人院后第3、5、7天监测患者胃液pH值及消化道出血情况。结果两组患者人院即刻胃液pH值均明显低于正常值,ENN组患者人院后第3、5、7天胃液pH值均明显高于PN组（P〈0．001）。两组患者入院即刻消化道出血发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,EEN组患者入院后第3、5、7天消化道出血发生率均明显低于PN组（P〈0．05）。结论重型颅脑损伤患者胃酸呈高分泌状态,给予早期肠内营养支持可升高胃液pH值,可能对降低上消化道出血发生率起一定作用。监测胃液pH值对应激性溃疡出血的发生具有预警作用。     

胃癌病人胃液中端粒酶活性的检测意义

目的:运用端粒酶半定量检测方法对病人的胃液进行检测,比较原发性胃癌、胃癌癌前病变和对照组病人胃液中端粒酶活性及胃癌病人术前术后胃液端粒酶活性,总结出其中的规律,为胃癌的基础研究和临床检测提供理论依据。方法:对比分析22例胃癌病人、14例癌前病变病人、15例对照组病人和18例胃癌术后病人胃液端粒酶活性的检测结果。结果:端粒酶活性(OD值)平均值为:胃癌组(0.755±0.107)>癌前病变组(0.464±0.078)>对照组(0.265±0.073),且每两组之间的差异均有统计学意义,P值均为0.000;术前组(0.758±0.107)>术后组(0.425±0.085),两组之间的差异有统计学意义,P=0.000。结论:端粒酶的活化是胃癌癌变过程的一个早期事件,端粒酶活性的检测有可能成为胃癌早期诊断、术后检测手术效果和术后复发检测的指标。     

Main components of pomegranate,ellagic acid and luteolin,inhibit metastasis of ovarian cancer by down-regulating MMP2 and MMP9

Ovarian cancer is the third most common cancer in the female reproductive organs and epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest lethality of all gynecological cancers. Pomegranate fruit juice (PFJ) has been shown to inhibit the growth of several types of cancer other than ovarian cancer. In this study, we exposed the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 to PFJ and two of its components (ellagic acid and luteolin). MTT and wound healing assays demonstrated that all three treatments suppressed the proliferation and migration of the ovarian cancer cells. In addition, western blotting and ELISA assays showed that the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 gradually decreased after treatment with increasing concentrations of ellagic acid and luteolin. To confirm our findings in the in vitro experiments, we used another ovarian cancer cell line, ES-2, in nude mice experiments. All three treatments inhibited tumor growth without obvious side-effects. Furthermore, compared with the control group, the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were depressed. Ellagic acid induced a greater effect than luteolin, suggesting that ellagic acid might be a promising candidate for further preclinical testing for treatment of human ovarian cancer.     

响应面优化酶法提取石榴皮多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 采用响应面法优化石榴皮多糖的酶法提取工艺,并对石榴皮多糖体外抗氧化活性进行研究,为药物制剂和功能性食品寻找新的生物成分。方法 采用RSM Box-Behnken设计法,考察酶解时间、液料比、加酶量对石榴皮多糖提取率的影响。用酶标仪测定DPPH自由基清除作用、羟自由基清除作用、超氧阴离子自由基清除活性和还原力测定。结果 最佳提取条件为：酶解温度为55℃,pH为5,酶解时间为88 min,液料比为22:1mL/g,加酶量为0.93%。在最佳提取条件下,石榴皮多糖得率为（22.31±0.07）%,与Box-Behnken设计模型的预测值22.35%很好地吻合。石榴皮多糖对DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶基肼）自由基清除、羟自由基清除、超氧阴离子自由基清除和还原能力有明显的抗氧化作用。结论 建议采用优化的酶解辅助方法提取石榴皮多糖,该法制得的石榴皮多糖可作为一种良好的抗氧化剂。     

Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection.